Ngā Tūturu Matūtua o ngā Pīpī Kaiwhakawhitinga e Hiki ake ana i ngā Pakanga Wai

Te Pēhea e Pa ai te Hoahoa Pīpī Kaiwhakawhitinga ki ngā Tohu Māori me te Mahi Puraki

Te Whanaungatanga I Waenganui i te Ahunga o te Pīpī me te Maarama o te Tauwāhi Puraki

Ko te āhua o te paraihe kei te wāhi nui ki te ara e pakaru ai te wai ina pāwhara ana, ā, ko ngā panonitanga iti ka tino whakararu i te aronga me te maarama o ērā tapa pāwhara. I whakaatu ētahi rangahau mai i te tau ki muri ko ngā paraihe āhuahua porowhiti e hāngai ai ngā tapa pāwhara e te 22 ōrau ake te kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā karuwha taraweti kei roto i te rere o te wai. Ina whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā wāhi kōpae ki ngā kona tino pono i raro i te 15 kīrikiti, ka hohaia ngā rere tika e taea ai te haere ake i te 12 mita i mua i te pakaru. Engari mēnā ka whanuitia te kona, engari he pāwera kaha ka mutu anō ki te korua makariri e noho ana ki te rangi.

Ngā Matatoko Matua o te Rere Tūtau mō ngā Huinga Paraihe Puna Pai

Kei te mārama a Bernoulli i te aronga ki te ara e rere ai te wai mā ngā paraihe o ngā tūwai, ina he āhua venturi ngā paraihe ka huritau te rere o te wai ki te 8 mita ia hēkona engari kei te kaha tonu te hanganga o te paraihe. E ai ki ngā tauira rorohiko e whakahaere ana ngā mātai mātai, ko ēnei hoahoa pīrori ka penapena i te nergi e te 34 ōrau atu i ngā paraihe toroko noa. Arā pea, ka taea e ngā tūwai te whiu i runga ake kāore hiahiatia ngā paraihe nui ake. He mea nui anō te tika o ngā ōweenga. Kei te whai ngā kaimāhita katoa i ngā ōweenga tawhā ki te roa e 1 ki te 3 ki te 1 ki te 5. Āwhina ēnei ōweenga ki te āki kia kaua ai te pānga cavitation, ā, ki te pupuri i te rere tūturu o te wai kia kaua e pā te rere kirikiri. Tēnā, he whakaritenga kei te tikanga mō ngā matērae motuhake, engari ka pai tēnei tohutohu whānui mō te nuinga o ngā tūwai mātātoko.

Tākarotia: Ngā Tūwai Rongonui Mā Nga Paraihe Tūwai Hangarongo

Ko te pūpahi ririhau mōrearea he tino rerekē, e whai ana i te tau o ngā paraihe takitahi e 1,200+ e hāngai ana ki ngā wīra waimātukutuku kua whakarārangitia e te karu, e piki ake ana i te 70 mita ki te rangi. Ko te punaha kei te whai i ēnei rārangi tohu smart e rerekē ana i te tere o te wai e te 8% i ia tātata ki te wā pono. Ka āwhina tēnei i te pūpahi kia mau tonu tana āhua āhuatanga āhuahanga ahakoa te panoni o te āhuarangi. Ko te mea e nui ake nei ko te penapena i te wai. Mā te whakahaere tōkirikiri āhuatanga nei kaitekau pea te wai kua pau ai te 20% mōhio ki ngā punaha paraihe tuimotu tawhito. E pai ake ai te āhua o te pūpahi, ā, he iti ake hoki te wai e rere ana ki raro, ā, e mau tonu ana te whakaaturanga ataahua e tūhono ai ngā tāngata.

Ngā Whanaketanga ki te Tauānga Rorohiko mō te Hoahoa Paraihe Pūpahi

Kua pakaru ngā algorithim whakamutunga mō te whakapai ake i te takotoranga ki raro i te whakamātau kara, e 60% pea, ka tuku i ngā ritenga tino pono mō te hīkoi o ngā rauemi, heoi anō e 3%. Ētahi punaha ako mātai kua akoia ki te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mai i ngā taputapu takirua e 17,000 karaka atu ana inaianei ki te kitea i te taumata pai rawa o te mata karearea i waenganui i te Ra 0.8 me te 1.6 micrometers. E awhina ana tēnei kia roa ake te wā e pupū ana te wai i te wāhi noho. Engari ko te mea hira ana ko ngā whanaketanga hou e taea ai e ēnei punaha te whakarerekē i a rātou i te wā poto i runga i ngā panoni o te uaua o te wai ina panonihia te wāhi mai i te 4° C ki te 35° C. Arānei ka mahi tahi tonu te taputapu i ngā wāhi katoa o te tau kāore e hiahiatia ana te whakarerekē tūmahi, te whakapai rānei.

Ngā Pānga Wai Tuatahi vs. Tuarua: Me Pēhea Ngā Kōwhiringa Hoahoa Ka Hangaia Te Wheako Kātahi

Ko ngā paraihe matua e whakapumautia ana i ngā pūpahi ā-ārai kaha e neke haere ana i te 25 ki te 40 mm te nui. I te wā kotahi, ko ngā paraihe tuarua e āwhina ana i te hohonu ki ō rātou paraihe māparapara iti ake e 6 ki te 10 mm te whānui. Ko te rangahau i te ara e kitea ai ngā tāngata i ēnei taputapu he mea hou pērā i te mea i hua ai te mahi tahi o ngā momo e rua. Ko te nuinga o ngā manuhiri e noho roa ake ana, e 41 ōrau atu anō te wā i te nuinga o te wā e tirotiro ana i ngā whakangāhau e kotahi anake te momo paraihe. Ina whakaurua ngā paraihe ki ngā takotoranga iti, pērā i te 7 ki te 12 ngaere tawhiti, ka hua ētahi mea hihiri ki te arataki mai o ngā LED. Ēnei itinga iti e hanga ana i ngā tauwāhanga whakapīpī hihiri pērā i ngā karu-kirihou, e hoatu ana i tētahi dimensihana atu ki te whakangāhau katoa e pakipaki ai te arero me te pupuri i te aroaro.

Ngā Momomo Matua o ngā Paraihe Wai Mārie me Ō Rātou Tūmomo Whakangāhau Wai

Ngā Paraihe Wai Mārie Mō Te Piki, Te Poro, Me Ngā Kaupapa Tōaitanga: Ngā Rerekētanga I Te Mahi Me Te Āhua

Ka taea e ngā paraihe whiu te whiu wai tino maia ki te 300 mita te teitei, nō reira he kōwhiringa pai mō ngā tohu nui, i ngā kaupapa hui rahi rānei e hiahiatia ana kia kitea tētahi mea mai i tētahi tawhiti. Ko ngā paraihe puaupua e hono hau ana ki te wai, ā, ka hangaia ai ngā puaupua māmā e pai ana ki te takaro i ngā puna wai, i ngā wāhi takahuri hoki. Ko ngā kōpae maha-kaupapa anuanu e huinga ana i ētahi tauira katoa ki roto i tētahi kōpae kotahi. Ka mahi ake i ngā kona whiu e noho ana i te 15 kīanga tae atu ki te 90 kīanga, ā, ka taea te whiu i waenganui i te 50 karaka ia miniti tae noa ki te 2,000 karaka pea ina hiahiatia. Ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te huri tika mai i ngā araki laminar māmā ki ngā araki māpere, ki ngā paraihe whiu whānui rānei, ā, ko te tikanga o te huringa he rerekē ai te āhua e hiahiatia ana i te wā e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Paraihe Tono Hau vs. Ngā Paraihe Tono Wai: Te Arataki Venturi me te Whakaputanga i te Paraihe Puaupua

Ko ngā paraihe tūmōtō hau e mahi ana mā te āhuatanga Venturi, ka tāwhai hau i te atamira ki roto i te wai rere. Hangaia ana ngā pou kōhatu tahumaero, pukupuku e pīrangi ana ngā tāngata mō ō rātou whakaritenga takurua. I te taha aronga, ko ngā paraihe tūmōtō wai e nohoirahia ana te wai anake, ka hangaia ngā arowhena wai maamaa e rite ana ki te kāriki ina pā te ata rā, ina heke te kākāhua o te wai ki te 95%. Ko ngā tauira huarahi hou kei roto he vāvāva solenoid e āwhina ai i ngā kaitūhono ki te panoni i waenganui i te arataki kōhatu me te arataki wai i ēnei wāhi e hiahiatia ana. Ka nui ake ngā whiringa e homai ana e tēnei mō ngā kaihoahoa puna kia tākarotia ngā āhua rerekē i te wā o ngā kaupapa katoa, kāore he mea hoki e hiahiatia ana kia hanga anō ngā whakaurunga katoa.

Te Whakawhitinga i ngā Momo Paraihe ki ngā Āhua Hiahia (Te Teitei, Te Tiriti, Te Maru)

Kōwhiria e ngā kaihoahoa ngā paraihe mā te toru take matua:

• Te Rāwekenga Teitei : Āna teepa āpiti e tautoko ana i ngā pou wai mai i te 10 ki te 150 feet
• Rawa Kakara : Ko ngā upoko itiiti e whakaputangia ana i ngā wai e rite ana ki te ua (0.5–3mm te tiameter)
• Whakarerekenga Maru : Ko ngā tapa rarangi e huri ana e whakarere ana i ngā kōnga pūpahi mai i ngā pūpahi tāwhai 5° ki ngā pūpahi whānui 180°

Kua āhua taea e te tauānga matarohia te whakauru aunoa i ngā putanga o ngā pūpahi ki ngā tikanga taiao pērā i te hoka o te hau me te hūmata, kia tiakina ai te āhua mōrearea i ngā takotoranga āhuarangi e huri haere ana.

Ngā Aratohu Whaiaro me ngā Aronga Tatawātanga i ngā Pūpahi Waihanga Kua Oti Te Whanaketanga

Ngā Pūpahi Matihiko E Whakawhānui Ana i te Arataki Wai Mōmenta me te Uara Taukiri

Ko ngā punaha waiarai o tēnei rā e hono ana i ngā kainahira DMX ki ngā kaiwhakahaere mōhio IoT eāhua ai te teitei, te āngae, me te tere o te wai ki te mirimita. I tētahi rangahau hou ka titiro ake ki ngā pūpahi taketake neke atu i te 120 ki te whenua ka kitea he mea hou: nui ake te pai o ngā paraihe waiarai matihiko i ngā paraihe ā-ringa tawhito. He 63% te whanaketanga, nā te mea ka whakapiri aunoa ēnei punaha mōhio ina heke pea, ina rere hoki te hau. Āniania ana e ngā kaitūhono pūpahi tēpu tekupu e rua tekau ngā tikanga waiara mai i ō rātou paparorohiko, i te wa e pupuri ana i te whakamahi wai i raro i te 750 karaka i nghe miniti. Ka māmā ake te tiaki tāpiri, ā, ka penapena hoki i ngā utu mō te wai tēnei ahunga o te pono.

Te Whakakotahi i ngā Paraihe Pūpahi me te Waiata, me ngā Rama mō ngā Tūhuratanga Mātauranga Anuanu

He mea ataahua te puna wai ki Burj Khalifa i te wā e hui tahi ana ngā mea katoa. E whakahaere ana i te 6,600 nga puipui me te 25,000 mātārangi LED, ā, he nui hoki te tūwāhi o ngā kaiwhakarongo e 80. Ko te aata whakaatu wai e 240 tani ko te taumaha. Ka taea e ēnei puipui motuhake te huri i te tātata ki te huringa i ō rātou ara i roto i te takitahi anuane, kia tōaitia ai ki te waiata. I te nuinga o te wā ka tino pāngia ēnei takirua, e 95% te pono i runga i te 150 atu whakaaturanga rerekē. Kei te timata te hangarau hōu ki te whakamahi i te ako mātai kia rite ai te nekeneke wai ki ngā momo puoro rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā puoro hiko me ngā takirua tere e 140 BPM ka hua mai he pikinga kikii wai, ā, ko ngā waiata tere iti ake i waenganui i te 60 ki te 80 BPM ka hua mai he tauwehenga māmā.

Te Taurite i te Hinengaro Hou me te Whakapono: Ngā Puipui Hiko Matatau vs. Ngā Puipui Mīhini Tawhito

Kei te whakaputangia pea te 8 ki te 10 o ngā whakaurunga hou ēnei wā me ngā paraihe mātauranga, ahakoa kei te pupuri tonu ētahi anō i ērā pūnaha mākete tawhito hei takotoranga taketake mō ngā mahi matua. Ko te nuinga o ngā tautuhinga e huinga ana i ngā upoko hurihuri mā te servo i te taha ko ērā pou rongonui korihi tāpahi e mau ai te arataki pai i te wātea 99.4 ōrite tonu i ngā whakaaturanga roa e toro ana ki te 1,200 haora i te tau. Engari, ko ngā ropu tiaki e whakaatu ana i tētahi mea hihiri: me whakarerekē ake ngā paraihe hou nei e te 40% teiepaie ake i ngā paraihe noa. Engari, ā, he 22 ngā wā ake te āhua whanaketanga o ngā āhua e hangaia ana e kē, nō reira ka mārama te take e pīrangi ana ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia whakapāhaia te hunga ki a rātou, ahakoa te mahi atamira e hiahiatia ana kia tika tonu te tautuhinga.

Ngā Rautaki Paraihe Ritenga me ngā Rautaki Huinga mō ngā Tohu Wai Whare me ngā Kaupapa

Te Whakaritenga i ngā Paraihe Puna kia Tōmahi ai i ngā Kaupapa Ahurea, Toi, i ngā Matakite rānei

Kua wātea e te hangarau tōpahi hou ngā ara katoa ki te kōrero i ngā kōrero mā te wai i ēnei rā. E ai ki te rangahau mai i te Rōpū Arotake Ahurea i te tau 2023, i piki ake te urupare o te hapori i ngā mahi toi taunaha e whai ana ngā puna wai i ngā kaupapa o te hītori ā-rohe, ko te toru hoki mā te whā o ēnei mahi. Ko ētahi pūnaha e whakamahi ana i ngā whare huapae kua tapahi ki te rāsama hei whakaputangia i ngā tohu kamupene ki ngā kapua māwai, ko ētahi atu hoki e tahu ana i te wai ki ngā āhuatanga tika kia āhua rite ai ki ngā puawhenetanga takitahi o ngā rohe. He nui hoki te take o te whiriwhiri i ngā matapae kia mau tonu ai te kaupapa. Mātai pea ngā puranga tawhito i te parauri nā te mea he āhua tawhito tana āhua, engari ko ngā whakairinga hou he mea hirihei te mata kua inumia ai te mātātoko ki ngā whare āhuatanga hou.

Te Whakauru i ngā Tōpahi Puna Wai ki te Arataki Tāone me ngā Wāhi Tūmatanui

Kei te tīmata ētahi atu tāone ki te kite i ngā paraihe, kāore i te hīraurau anake engari ko ngā mahi toi hoki. Hei tauira, te whakaritenga anuanu o Barcelona i tōna tāone takutai mo te tau ki muri, i whakauruhia e rātou pēnei me 412 ngā paraihe mātauranga ki ngā ara haere rānei. Kāore ēnei i te penehi wai noa, i hangaia e rātou ngā wāhi takiri āki ai i te āhua o te wāhi, i heke iho ai te wārungatanga pēnei me ngā 4 nekenga Celsius. Ko ngā kaiwhakaahua kei te nuinga o te wā e whiri ana ki ngā paraihe huna ina hoahoa ana i ngā plazas rahaura, ā, ka whakamātau ki ngā whakaritenga poumou mō ngā taonga puawaitanga tuarangi. E whakaatu ana tēnei ko ngā ahuatanga wai kāore i te māmā anuanu anō, engari ka whakanui i te āhua, ka pai ake te noho, ā, ka whakapai ake i ngā wāhi tāone.

Te Waihanga i ngā Mahi Toi Paraihe mā roto i ngā Whakaritenga Paraihe Mātai

Ka huri ngā tohu tūtohu hou i te wai ki te toi kinetikē. I te Biennale o Venice 2024, i whakamahia e tētahi mahi kāwhitinga 37 ngāwari honohono hei hanga i ngā rāpoi wai mātātoko, ka whiwhi whakamihi hei "whare waihanga arataki". Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te hoahoa ko:

• Te Rāwekenga Arataki : Ngā pūnaha 0.5–6 bar mō ngā rākau māmā me ngā pou kaha e takirua ana
• Te whakatakotoranga : Ngā karaihe porowhita e ono ngā ngāwari e taea ai te whakarerekētanga mātātoko
• Te Kotahitanga o ngā Mātai : Ngā ngāwari e pupuruhia ana i ngā tārua hiko kua pakaru i te wai, i te paru rānei

Kua hangaia e ngā mahi tahi a ngā inihini hīoraupapa me ngā kaimāori ngā karaihe e taea ai te pupuri i te uara toi ki ngā hau e 25 maia anuanu, kia tiakina ai i ngā taiao wāhi tūmatanui.

FAQ

He aha te tuānga o te āhua o te ngāwari ki ngā tauwā o te pūrere?

Ko te āhua o te ngāwari e pa nui ana ki te taurite me te maarama o ngā tauwā pūrere, ā, ko ngā ngāwari kiriupeke e hanga ana i ngā tapa maroke ake, e iti ake ai ngā korowhiri huruhuru.

Me pēhea ngā whanaketanga ki te tauānga rorohiko e pa ana ki te hoahoa ngāwari pūrere?

Kua pakaru ngā tauira rorohiko matatau i te wā whakamātau arataki mā te 60%, ka tūmataara i te noho o ngā rere, ka whakarite kia ū ki te mahi i roto i ētahi waahanga take.

He aha ngā putanga wai tuatahi me tuarua kei ngā pūpahi?

Ko ngā putanga tuatahi e whakamahi ana i ngā pūkoro paraihe, ko ngā putanga tuarua e whakamahi ana i ngā whāiti mā, e rua rātou e mahi tahi ana hei whakanui i te urupare a te kaipānui me te takotoranga ataata.

Ka taea te whakauru i ngā tapa pūpahi ki te aratika taone?

Āe, ka taea te whakauru i ngā pūpahi ki ngā hoahoa taone, e mahi ana kia pai ai te āhua, engari anō hoki ngā whai hua pērā i te whakahaere haumātauranga me ngā wāhi takirua tūmatanui.